| C | multi-paradigm programming, imperative programming, structured programming, procedural programming | 1972 | Dennis M. Ritchie, Bell Labs, American National Standards Institute, International Organization for Standardization, Ken Thompson |
| C Intermediate Language | — | — | — |
| C shell | — | 1978 | Bill Joy |
| C# | object-oriented programming, strict programming, functional programming, event-driven programming, reflective programming, generic programming, structured programming, class-based programming, imperative programming, multi-paradigm programming | 2001 | Microsoft |
| C* | imperative programming, multi-paradigm programming, object-oriented programming, parallel programming | 1987 | — |
| C++ | object-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, functional programming, procedural programming, generic programming | 1983 | Bjarne Stroustrup |
| C++/CLI | structured programming | — | — |
| C++/CX | — | — | Microsoft |
| C-- | imperative programming | 1997 | Norman Ramsey, Simon Peyton Jones |
| C/AL | imperative programming | — | Microsoft |
| C2 | — | — | — |
| C3 | — | — | — |
| CA-Telon | — | — | CA Technologies |
| Caché ObjectScript | object-oriented programming | 1997 | — |
| Cadence SKILL | functional programming | 1990 | Cadence Design Systems |
| CAI-AUTH | — | — | CAI Technology |
| CAI-Cloud | — | — | CAI Technology |
| CAI-Vault | — | — | CAI Technology |
| CAL Actor Language | dataflow programming | 2001 | — |
| CALM | — | — | Jean-Daniel Nicoud |
| Caml | functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, imperative programming | 1985 | Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique |
| Caméléon | functional programming | 2009 | — |
| Candle | — | — | — |
| Cangjie | — | — | Huawei |
| CaPSL | — | — | Canon Inc. |
| Carbon | — | 2020 | Google |
| Cascading Style Sheets | — | 1996 | Bert Bos, Håkon Wium Lie, CSS Working Group |
| Casio BASIC | — | — | — |
| Cat | — | 2006 | — |
| Catrobat | — | — | — |
| Cayenne | functional programming | — | — |
| CBASIC | — | — | Gordon Eubanks |
| CDuce | functional programming | — | — |
| Cecil | object-oriented programming | 1992 | — |
| CEMMA | — | — | Institute of Mathematical Machines |
| Cerner CCL | — | — | Cerner |
| Ceylon | functional programming, imperative programming, multi-paradigm programming, object-oriented programming | 2011 | Gavin King, Red Hat |
| Cg | — | — | — |
| CGOL | procedural programming | 1973 | Vaughan Ronald Pratt |
| Ch | — | 2001 | — |
| Chaos | — | — | — |
| Chapel | object-oriented programming, array programming, parallel computing | 2009 | Brad Chamberlain, Cray |
| Charity | purely functional programming | 1992 | — |
| Charm | structured programming | 1996 | — |
| Charm++ | — | — | Sam White, Eric J. Bohm, Evan Ramos, Kavitha Chandrasekar |
| ChavaScript | — | — | Aviv Carmi, Yakir Yehuda |
| Checked C | — | — | — |
| Chef | — | 2002 | David Morgan-Mar |
| Chez Scheme | — | 1985 | Cadence Research Systems, Cisco |
| Chibi Scheme | — | — | Alex Shinn |
| CHICKEN | — | 2000 | — |
| CHILL | procedural programming | 1980 | — |
| ChinesePython | — | 2002 | — |
| CHIP | — | 1985 | — |
| Chipmunk Basic | — | — | Ron Nicholson |
| Chomski | — | — | — |
| ChucK | multi-paradigm programming, object-oriented programming, concurrent computing | 2002 | — |
| Ciao | constraint logic programming, object-oriented programming, logic programming | — | — |
| CICS | — | 1968 | IBM |
| Cilk | structured programming, imperative programming, procedural programming, parallel computing | 1994 | Charles E. Leiserson |
| Cilk Plus | — | 2010 | Intel |
| Cilk++ | — | 2008 | — |
| Cirq | — | — | — |
| Citrine | procedural programming, object-oriented programming | 2014 | — |
| CLACL | logic programming | 2000 | — |
| Claire | reflective programming, functional programming, class-based programming language, object-oriented programming | 1994 | — |
| Clarion | object-oriented programming, imperative programming, structured programming | 1986 | — |
| Clascal | — | 1983 | — |
| Classic Visual Basic | event-driven programming, object-oriented programming, procedural programming | 1991 | Microsoft |
| Clean | purely functional programming, functional programming | 1987 | — |
| Clipper | — | 1985 | — |
| CLIPS | object-oriented programming | 1985 | Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center |
| CLISP | — | — | GNU Project |
| CLIST | procedural programming | — | — |
| Clojure | concurrent computing, logic programming, agent-oriented programming, functional programming | 2007 | Richard Hickey |
| ClojureScript | — | — | — |
| Close to Metal | — | — | ATI Technologies |
| CLU | object-oriented programming, procedural programming | 1975 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Barbara Liskov |
| Cluster | — | — | — |
| CMS-2 | imperative programming | 1968 | Computer Sciences Corporation |
| CMU Common Lisp | — | 1980 | Carnegie Mellon University |
| Coarray Fortran | multi-paradigm programming | — | — |
| COBOL | object-oriented programming, imperative programming, procedural programming | 1959 | CODASYL, International Organization for Standardization, American National Standards Institute |
| Cobra | functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, object-oriented programming | 2006 | — |
| CoffeeScript | prototype-based programming, imperative programming, functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, aspect-oriented programming | 2009 | Jeremy Ashkenas |
| COLA | — | 2009 | — |
| ColdFusion Markup Language | imperative programming | — | Adobe |
| Colony Framework | — | — | — |
| Color BASIC | — | — | Microsoft |
| ColorForth | procedural programming | — | Charles H. Moore |
| COMAL | structured programming, procedural programming | 1975 | — |
| COMIT | — | 1957 | — |
| Commodore BASIC | — | 1977 | — |
| Common Intermediate Language | object-oriented programming | 2000 | Microsoft |
| Common Lisp | generic programming, reflective programming, procedural programming, functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, metaprogramming, object-oriented programming | 1984 | Common Lisp committee, J13 |
| Common Workflow Language | — | 2014 | — |
| Compiler Description Language | — | 1971 | — |
| Component Pascal | imperative programming, structured programming, modular programming, object-oriented programming | 1997 | — |
| COMPOOL | — | 1952 | — |
| COMTRAN | procedural programming | 1957 | Bob Bemer |
| Concurrent C | concurrent computing, imperative programming | 1984 | — |
| Concurrent Euclid | functional programming, structured programming, imperative programming | 1980 | Ric Holt, James Cordy |
| Concurrent ML | — | — | — |
| Concurrent Pascal | — | 1975 | Per Brinch Hansen |
| Constraint Handling Rules | declarative programming, constraint logic programming | 1991 | — |
| Control Language | imperative programming | — | IBM |
| Converge | object-oriented programming | — | — |
| Cool | object-oriented programming | 1996 | — |
| Coral 66 | procedural programming, structured programming, imperative programming | 1964 | — |
| CORC | — | 1962 | — |
| Cornell University Programming Language | — | — | Cornell University |
| CorVision | — | 1986 | Cortex |
| CosmicOS | — | — | — |
| COW | — | — | — |
| COWSEL | — | 1964 | Rod Burstall, Robin Popplestone |
| CPC Coding scheme | — | 1948 | — |
| CPL | procedural programming, multi-paradigm programming, imperative programming, structured programming, functional programming | 1963 | — |
| Croc | — | 2006 | — |
| Cryptol | — | — | Galois, Inc. |
| Crystal | object-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, concurrent computing | 2014 | Ary Borenzweig, Manas Technology Solutions |
| CS-4 | procedural programming | 1973 | Intermetrics |
| Csound | — | 1986 | — |
| Cub | — | — | — |
| Cuneiform | functional programming | 2013 | Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin |
| Curl | reflective programming, functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, declarative programming, object-oriented programming | 1998 | SCSK Corporation, Steve Ward |
| CurlyWas | — | — | — |
| Curry | constraint programming, logic programming, functional programming | 1995 | Kiel University |
| Curry notation system | — | 1948 | — |
| CWEB | literate programming | — | Donald Knuth |
| CycL | — | 1984 | — |
| Cyclone | — | 2002 | AT&T |
| Cypher Query Language | — | — | — |
| Cython | — | 2007 | — |
| Céu | event-driven programming, synchronous programming, structured concurrency, reactive programming | — | — |
| Cω | multi-paradigm programming | 2005 | Microsoft Research |