| M | — | 2008 | — |
| M language | — | — | Direction générale des Finances publiques |
| M4 | — | 1977 | — |
| Macintosh Common Lisp | — | — | — |
| Maclisp | — | — | Richard Greenblatt |
| MACRO-10 | — | — | — |
| MAD | imperative programming, procedural programming | 1959 | Bernard Galler, Robert M. Graham, Bruce Arden |
| Magik | object-oriented programming | 1989 | — |
| MAGMA-Lisp | — | 1973 | Franco Turini, Maria Simi, Carlo Montangero, Giuliano Pacini |
| MAI Basic Four | — | 1974 | — |
| Make | macro | 1976 | Stuart Feldman |
| Malbolge | esoteric programming | 1998 | — |
| Mama | — | — | — |
| Managed Extensions for C++ | — | 2002 | — |
| MapBasic | — | — | Pitney Bowes |
| Mapbox Style Specification | declarative programming | — | Mapbox |
| Maple | object-oriented programming, functional programming, procedural programming | 1982 | Waterloo Maple |
| MapLibre Style Specification | declarative programming | — | MapLibre |
| MAPPER | — | 1968 | Unisys |
| MARK IV | — | 1964 | — |
| Mary | imperative programming | 1971 | SINTEF |
| MATH-MATIC | imperative programming | 1957 | Grace Hopper |
| Mathcad | — | 1986 | Mathsoft |
| Mathematica | functional programming, array programming | 1988 | Wolfram Research |
| MATLAB | — | 1984 | MathWorks, Cleve Moler |
| MATLAB | object-oriented programming, array programming, imperative programming, functional programming, procedural programming | — | MathWorks |
| MATRIX MATH | — | 1954 | — |
| Maude system | reflective programming, logic programming, metaprogramming | — | — |
| Mavka | — | 2022 | — |
| Max (programming language) | declarative programming, visual programming language | — | Cycling '74 |
| Maxscript | — | 1997 | — |
| Maya Embedded Language | — | 1998 | — |
| MBASIC | imperative programming | — | — |
| MC# | — | 2003 | — |
| MCPL | — | — | — |
| MDL | — | — | Bentley Systems |
| MDL | procedural programming, reflective programming, metaprogramming, functional programming | 1971 | — |
| Mercury | object-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, purely functional programming, logic programming, functional programming | 1995 | University of Melbourne |
| Mesa | procedural programming | 1976 | Palo Alto Research Center |
| Metafont | declarative programming | — | Donald Knuth |
| Metal Shading Language | — | — | — |
| Metamath | — | — | — |
| MetaPost | imperative programming, declarative programming | 1994 | — |
| MetaQuotes Language | object-oriented programming | 2005 | MetaQuotes |
| Mewar Programming Language | imperative programming | 2025 | — |
| MexScript | domain-specific language | 1997 | Mike Zuurman |
| Micro Lua DS | — | 2008 | — |
| Microalg | — | 2014 | — |
| MicroBlocks | live coding | — | — |
| Microsoft BASIC | — | 1975 | Microsoft |
| Microsoft C | structured programming, object-oriented programming, declarative programming | 1983 | Microsoft |
| Microsoft Excel Macro, version 4 | — | — | Microsoft |
| Microsoft Macro Assembler | — | 1981 | Microsoft |
| Microsoft Pascal | — | — | Microsoft |
| Microsoft Small Basic | structured programming | 2008 | Microsoft |
| Microsoft Visual Programming Language | — | — | — |
| MIIS | — | 1971 | MEDITECH |
| Milk | — | — | MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory |
| MIMIC | object-oriented programming | 1964 | — |
| Mind | — | — | — |
| MiniZinc | constraint programming | 2009 | Monash University |
| Mirah | object-oriented programming, imperative programming | 2008 | — |
| Miranda | declarative programming, purely functional programming | 1985 | — |
| MIRC scripting language | procedural programming, event-driven programming | 1995 | — |
| Misty | actor model, dynamic typing | — | Douglas Crockford |
| MIT/GNU Scheme | — | — | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| MIVA Script | imperative programming | 1996 | — |
| Mizar | declarative programming | 1973 | — |
| ML | functional programming, imperative programming, procedural programming | 1973 | Robin Milner |
| MLAB | multi-paradigm programming | — | — |
| MLisp | — | — | — |
| Mobile BASIC | — | 2003 | — |
| Mocklisp | — | — | — |
| Modelica | object-oriented programming, declarative programming | 1997 | Modelica Association |
| Modula | procedural programming, imperative programming, modular programming | 1975 | Niklaus Wirth |
| Modula-2 | modular programming, imperative programming, structured programming, concurrent computing | 1978 | Niklaus Wirth |
| Modula-2+ | modular programming, imperative programming, concurrent computing | 1984 | DEC Systems Research Center |
| Modula-3 | object-oriented programming, imperative programming | 1989 | Digital Equipment Corporation |
| Mojo | imperative programming, generic programming, functional programming | 2023 | Modular |
| MOLOG | — | 1986 | — |
| Mondrian | — | 1997 | — |
| Monkey X | object-oriented programming | 2011 | — |
| MOO | — | 1990 | — |
| MoonScript | — | — | Leaf Corcoran |
| Mosel language | — | — | — |
| Motoko | — | — | Andreas Rossberg, Dfinity |
| Mouse | stack-oriented programming | — | — |
| Move | — | 2019 | — |
| MPD | concurrent computing | — | — |
| MS BASIC for Macintosh | — | — | Microsoft |
| MShell | object-oriented programming | — | — |
| MSX BASIC | imperative programming | 1983 | Microsoft |
| MultiLisp | — | — | — |
| MUMPS | imperative programming, procedural programming | 1966 | — |
| MXML | — | 2004 | Adobe |
| Myrddin | — | — | — |