| *Lisp | parallel computing | 1985 | Steve Omohundro |
| A+ | array programming | 1988 | Morgan Stanley |
| ACL2 | functional programming | 1990 | Matt Kaufmann |
| ActiveVFP | object-oriented programming, procedural programming | 2001 | — |
| Allegro Common Lisp | object-oriented programming | — | — |
| AmbientTalk | reflective programming, concurrent computing, prototype-based programming, object-oriented programming, event-driven programming | 2006 | — |
| Apache Groovy | object-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, imperative programming, functional programming | 2003 | Java Community Process, Apache Software Foundation |
| APL | array programming, structured programming, functional programming, modular programming | 1966 | IBM, Lawrence M. Breed, Kenneth E. Iverson |
| Apple Dylan | — | — | — |
| AppleScript | natural-language programming | 1993 | Apple Inc. |
| Arc | metaprogramming, procedural programming, functional programming | 2008 | Paul Graham |
| AutoLISP | — | 1986 | — |
| BeanShell | object-oriented programming | 1999 | — |
| BSASPEC | multi-paradigm programming | 2004 | Microsoft Research |
| C# | object-oriented programming, strict programming, functional programming, event-driven programming, reflective programming, generic programming, structured programming, class-based programming, imperative programming, multi-paradigm programming | 2001 | Microsoft |
| Cadence SKILL | functional programming | 1990 | Cadence Design Systems |
| Caméléon | functional programming | 2009 | — |
| Cecil | object-oriented programming | 1992 | — |
| Chez Scheme | — | 1985 | Cadence Research Systems, Cisco |
| CHICKEN | — | 2000 | — |
| Citrine | procedural programming, object-oriented programming | 2014 | — |
| Claire | reflective programming, functional programming, class-based programming language, object-oriented programming | 1994 | — |
| Clean | purely functional programming, functional programming | 1987 | — |
| Clojure | concurrent computing, logic programming, agent-oriented programming, functional programming | 2007 | Richard Hickey |
| Cobra | functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, object-oriented programming | 2006 | — |
| CoffeeScript | prototype-based programming, imperative programming, functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, aspect-oriented programming | 2009 | Jeremy Ashkenas |
| Common Lisp | generic programming, reflective programming, procedural programming, functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, metaprogramming, object-oriented programming | 1984 | Common Lisp committee, J13 |
| Concurrent Pascal | — | 1975 | Per Brinch Hansen |
| Cub | — | — | — |
| DADiSP | multi-paradigm programming | — | — |
| Darwin | imperative programming, structured programming, object-oriented programming | 1991 | — |
| Dragon | dynamic programming, object-oriented programming, imperative programming, procedural programming | 2018 | — |
| Dylan | object-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, functional programming | 1992 | Apple Inc., Carnegie Mellon University |
| E | object-oriented programming | 1997 | — |
| ELI | array programming | — | — |
| Elixir | concurrent computing, functional programming, process-oriented programming | 2011 | José Valim |
| Emacs Lisp | metaprogramming, reflective programming, functional programming | 1985 | GNU Project |
| Erlang | concurrent computing, functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, declarative programming | 1986 | Robert Virding, Joe Armstrong, Ericsson |
| Etoys | prototype-based programming, object-oriented programming | 1996 | Apple Inc. |
| Euler | imperative programming, procedural programming, structured programming | 1965 | — |
| EuLisp | multi-paradigm programming | 1990 | — |
| Euphoria | imperative programming, procedural programming | 1993 | — |
| Extempore | functional programming | — | — |
| Extensible Embeddable Language | multi-paradigm programming | — | — |
| Ezhil | imperative programming, procedural programming, structured programming | 2007 | — |
| F-Script | array programming, object-oriented programming | 2009 | — |
| Factor | functional programming, stack-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, concatenative programming | 2003 | Slava Pestov |
| Falcon | object-oriented programming, procedural programming | 2003 | — |