| Alice | constraint programming, imperative programming, functional programming, concurrent computing | 2000 | Saarland University |
| ATS | declarative programming, functional programming | 2006 | Boston University |
| C# | object-oriented programming, strict programming, functional programming, event-driven programming, reflective programming, generic programming, structured programming, class-based programming, imperative programming, multi-paradigm programming | 2001 | Microsoft |
| C++ | object-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, functional programming, procedural programming, generic programming | 1983 | Bjarne Stroustrup |
| Caml | functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, imperative programming | 1985 | Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique |
| Ceylon | functional programming, imperative programming, multi-paradigm programming, object-oriented programming | 2011 | Gavin King, Red Hat |
| Claire | reflective programming, functional programming, class-based programming language, object-oriented programming | 1994 | — |
| Clojure | concurrent computing, logic programming, agent-oriented programming, functional programming | 2007 | Richard Hickey |
| Erlang | concurrent computing, functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, declarative programming | 1986 | Robert Virding, Joe Armstrong, Ericsson |
| F# | object-oriented programming, metaprogramming, imperative programming, functional programming, concurrent computing, reflective programming | 2005 | F Sharp Software Foundation, Microsoft |
| Felix | — | — | — |
| Gallina | — | — | — |
| Haskell | functional programming, purely functional programming, non-strict programming | 1990 | Paul Hudak, Philip Wadler, Erik Meijer, John Hughes, Lennart Augustsson, Simon Peyton Jones |
| Kotlin | concurrent computing, functional programming, structured programming, imperative programming, declarative programming, object-oriented programming, generic programming, reflective programming | 2011 | JetBrains |
| M | — | 2008 | — |
| Miranda | declarative programming, purely functional programming | 1985 | — |
| ParaSail | concurrent computing, parallel computing, object-oriented programming, procedural programming, structured programming | 2009 | — |
| Scala | concurrent computing, functional programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming | 2004 | École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Martin Odersky |
| Standard ML | modular programming, imperative programming, functional programming, procedural programming | 1983 | Robin Milner |
| Ur/Web | — | 2014 | — |