| Agda | purely functional programming | 2007 | Chalmers University of Technology |
| Alice | constraint programming, imperative programming, functional programming, concurrent computing | 2000 | Saarland University |
| Ballerina | concurrent computing | 2017 | WSO2 |
| Boo | object-oriented programming | 2003 | Rodrigo B. De Oliveira |
| C# | object-oriented programming, strict programming, functional programming, event-driven programming, reflective programming, generic programming, structured programming, class-based programming, imperative programming, multi-paradigm programming | 2001 | Microsoft |
| Caml | functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, imperative programming | 1985 | Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique |
| Carbon | — | 2020 | Google |
| Chapel | object-oriented programming, array programming, parallel computing | 2009 | Brad Chamberlain, Cray |
| Cobra | functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, object-oriented programming | 2006 | — |
| Crystal | object-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, concurrent computing | 2014 | Ary Borenzweig, Manas Technology Solutions |
| Curry | constraint programming, logic programming, functional programming | 1995 | Kiel University |
| D | functional programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming | 2001 | Walter Bright, D Language Foundation |
| Dart | object-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, imperative programming, functional programming, reflective programming | 2011 | Google |
| Elm | functional reactive programming, reactive programming, functional programming, purely functional programming | 2012 | — |
| F# | object-oriented programming, metaprogramming, imperative programming, functional programming, concurrent computing, reflective programming | 2005 | F Sharp Software Foundation, Microsoft |
| F* | functional programming, imperative programming | — | Microsoft Research, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique |
| Flix | imperative programming, logic programming, functional programming | 2016 | — |
| Go | structured programming, procedural programming, functional programming, concurrent computing, object-oriented programming, imperative programming | 2009 | Google, The Go Authors, Rob Pike, Robert Griesemer, Ken Thompson |
| Hack | — | 2014 | Meta Platforms |
| Haggis | functional programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming | — | — |
| Handel-C | imperative programming | 2005 | Mentor Graphics |
| Haskell | functional programming, purely functional programming, non-strict programming | 1990 | Paul Hudak, Philip Wadler, Erik Meijer, John Hughes, Lennart Augustsson, Simon Peyton Jones |
| Haxe | object-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, functional programming, generic programming | 2005 | Simon Krajewski, Cauê Waneck, Haxe Foudation, Nicolas Cannasse |
| Inform | procedural programming, object-oriented programming, declarative programming | 1993 | Graham Nelson |
| Kotlin | concurrent computing, functional programming, structured programming, imperative programming, declarative programming, object-oriented programming, generic programming, reflective programming | 2011 | JetBrains |
| Mirah | object-oriented programming, imperative programming | 2008 | — |
| ML | functional programming, imperative programming, procedural programming | 1973 | Robin Milner |
| Nemerle | metaprogramming, object-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, imperative programming, procedural programming, functional programming | 2003 | JetBrains, University of Wrocław |
| Nim | metaprogramming, concurrent computing, procedural programming, functional programming, imperative programming, macro metaprogramming, object-oriented programming | 2008 | — |
| OCaml | functional programming, modular programming, object-oriented programming, imperative programming | 1996 | Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique |
| Opa | imperative programming, multi-paradigm programming, functional programming | 2011 | — |
| PowerShell | reflective programming, procedural programming, functional programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming | 2006 | Microsoft |
| PureScript | purely functional programming, functional programming | 2013 | — |
| Roc | functional programming | — | — |
| Rust | generic programming, concurrent computing, procedural programming, functional programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming | 2006 | Mozilla, Rust Foundation, Graydon Hoare |
| Scala | concurrent computing, functional programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming | 2004 | École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Martin Odersky |
| SequenceL | parallel computing, purely functional programming, array programming, declarative programming | 1989 | — |
| Standard ML | modular programming, imperative programming, functional programming, procedural programming | 1983 | Robin Milner |
| Standard ML of New Jersey | procedural programming | 2002 | — |
| Swift | object-oriented programming, functional programming, declarative programming, multi-paradigm programming, block-structured programming, imperative programming | 2014 | Chris Lattner, Apple Inc. |
| TADS | prototype-based programming | 1988 | — |
| Vala | imperative programming, object-oriented programming, structured programming | 2006 | Jürg Billeter |
| Visual Prolog | functional programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming, logic programming | — | — |
| Xtend | functional programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming | 2011 | TypeFox GmbH |
| Zig | imperative programming, functional programming, procedural programming, concurrent computing, generic programming | 2015 | Andrew Kelley |