| .QL | logic programming, declarative programming, object-oriented programming | 2007 | Semmle |
| ABAP | structured programming, object-oriented programming, imperative programming | 1983 | SAP |
| Abbreviated Test Language for All Systems | multi-paradigm programming | 1983 | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
| ActionScript | prototype-based programming, object-oriented programming, functional programming, imperative programming | 1998 | Macromedia |
| Ada | structured programming, object-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, imperative programming | 1980 | Jean Ichbiah, S. Tucker Taft |
| Agda | purely functional programming | 2007 | Chalmers University of Technology |
| Aldor | logic programming, functional programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming | 1990 | IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center |
| Alef | concurrent computing, structured programming | 2010 | — |
| ALGOL 58 | imperative programming, structured programming, procedural programming | — | Klaus Samelson, Heinz Rutishauser, Charles Katz, Friedrich L. Bauer, Alan Perlis, John Backus |
| ALGOL 60 | procedural programming, structured programming, imperative programming | — | Peter Naur, Adriaan van Wijngaarden, Klaus Samelson, John Backus, John McCarthy, Heinz Rutishauser, Charles Katz, Bernard Vauquois, Alan Perlis, Friedrich L. Bauer |
| ALGOL 68 | imperative programming, concurrent computing | — | Adriaan van Wijngaarden, John E. L. Peck, Cornelis H. A. Koster, Barry J. Mailloux |
| ALGOL W | structured programming, procedural programming, imperative programming | 1966 | Tony Hoare, Niklaus Wirth |
| Alice | constraint programming, imperative programming, functional programming, concurrent computing | 2000 | Saarland University |
| Alma-0 | constraint programming, logic programming, imperative programming, procedural programming | 1997 | Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica |
| AMOS | procedural programming, imperative programming | 1990 | François Lionet |
| AngelScript | imperative programming, procedural programming, object-oriented programming | 2003 | — |
| Apache Groovy | object-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, imperative programming, functional programming | 2003 | Java Community Process, Apache Software Foundation |
| ATS | declarative programming, functional programming | 2006 | Boston University |
| Ballerina | concurrent computing | 2017 | WSO2 |
| Beef | object-oriented programming | — | — |
| BETA | object-oriented programming | 1992 | Kristen Nygaard |
| Boo | object-oriented programming | 2003 | Rodrigo B. De Oliveira |
| Bosque | functional programming | 2019 | Microsoft Research |
| C | multi-paradigm programming, imperative programming, structured programming, procedural programming | 1972 | Dennis M. Ritchie, Bell Labs, American National Standards Institute, International Organization for Standardization, Ken Thompson |
| C* | imperative programming, multi-paradigm programming, object-oriented programming, parallel programming | 1987 | — |
| C++ | object-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, functional programming, procedural programming, generic programming | 1983 | Bjarne Stroustrup |
| C-- | imperative programming | 1997 | Norman Ramsey, Simon Peyton Jones |
| Caml | functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, imperative programming | 1985 | Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique |
| Caméléon | functional programming | 2009 | — |
| Carbon | — | 2020 | Google |
| Cecil | object-oriented programming | 1992 | — |
| Ceylon | functional programming, imperative programming, multi-paradigm programming, object-oriented programming | 2011 | Gavin King, Red Hat |
| Chapel | object-oriented programming, array programming, parallel computing | 2009 | Brad Chamberlain, Cray |
| Charm | structured programming | 1996 | — |
| CHILL | procedural programming | 1980 | — |
| Cilk | structured programming, imperative programming, procedural programming, parallel computing | 1994 | Charles E. Leiserson |
| Claire | reflective programming, functional programming, class-based programming language, object-oriented programming | 1994 | — |
| COBOL | object-oriented programming, imperative programming, procedural programming | 1959 | CODASYL, International Organization for Standardization, American National Standards Institute |
| Cobra | functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, object-oriented programming | 2006 | — |
| Component Pascal | imperative programming, structured programming, modular programming, object-oriented programming | 1997 | — |
| Cool | object-oriented programming | 1996 | — |
| Coral 66 | procedural programming, structured programming, imperative programming | 1964 | — |
| Crystal | object-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, concurrent computing | 2014 | Ary Borenzweig, Manas Technology Solutions |
| Cuneiform | functional programming | 2013 | Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin |
| Curry | constraint programming, logic programming, functional programming | 1995 | Kiel University |
| Cyclone | — | 2002 | AT&T |
| D | functional programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming | 2001 | Walter Bright, D Language Foundation |
| Dart | object-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, imperative programming, functional programming, reflective programming | 2011 | Google |