| .QL | logic programming, declarative programming, object-oriented programming | 2007 | Semmle |
| A+ | array programming | 1988 | Morgan Stanley |
| ABAP | structured programming, object-oriented programming, imperative programming | 1983 | SAP |
| Abbreviated Test Language for All Systems | multi-paradigm programming | 1983 | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
| ABC | procedural programming, structured programming, imperative programming | 1975 | Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica |
| ActionScript | prototype-based programming, object-oriented programming, functional programming, imperative programming | 1998 | Macromedia |
| Ada | structured programming, object-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, imperative programming | 1980 | Jean Ichbiah, S. Tucker Taft |
| Agda | purely functional programming | 2007 | Chalmers University of Technology |
| Alef | concurrent computing, structured programming | 2010 | — |
| ALGOL 58 | imperative programming, structured programming, procedural programming | — | Klaus Samelson, Heinz Rutishauser, Charles Katz, Friedrich L. Bauer, Alan Perlis, John Backus |
| ALGOL 60 | procedural programming, structured programming, imperative programming | — | Peter Naur, Adriaan van Wijngaarden, Klaus Samelson, John Backus, John McCarthy, Heinz Rutishauser, Charles Katz, Bernard Vauquois, Alan Perlis, Friedrich L. Bauer |
| ALGOL 68 | imperative programming, concurrent computing | — | Adriaan van Wijngaarden, John E. L. Peck, Cornelis H. A. Koster, Barry J. Mailloux |
| ALGOL W | structured programming, procedural programming, imperative programming | 1966 | Tony Hoare, Niklaus Wirth |
| Alice | constraint programming, imperative programming, functional programming, concurrent computing | 2000 | Saarland University |
| Alma-0 | constraint programming, logic programming, imperative programming, procedural programming | 1997 | Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica |
| AmbientTalk | reflective programming, concurrent computing, prototype-based programming, object-oriented programming, event-driven programming | 2006 | — |
| AngelScript | imperative programming, procedural programming, object-oriented programming | 2003 | — |
| Apache Groovy | object-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, imperative programming, functional programming | 2003 | Java Community Process, Apache Software Foundation |
| Apex | object-oriented programming | 2007 | Salesforce |
| Asymptote | imperative programming | 2004 | — |
| Atom | functional programming, declarative programming | 2007 | — |
| Ballerina | concurrent computing | 2017 | WSO2 |
| BeanShell | object-oriented programming | 1999 | — |
| Blitz BASIC | imperative programming, object-oriented programming | 2000 | — |
| Boo | object-oriented programming | 2003 | Rodrigo B. De Oliveira |
| C# | object-oriented programming, strict programming, functional programming, event-driven programming, reflective programming, generic programming, structured programming, class-based programming, imperative programming, multi-paradigm programming | 2001 | Microsoft |
| Caml | functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, imperative programming | 1985 | Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique |
| Ceylon | functional programming, imperative programming, multi-paradigm programming, object-oriented programming | 2011 | Gavin King, Red Hat |
| Charm | structured programming | 1996 | — |
| Chez Scheme | — | 1985 | Cadence Research Systems, Cisco |
| CHICKEN | — | 2000 | — |
| CHILL | procedural programming | 1980 | — |
| ChucK | multi-paradigm programming, object-oriented programming, concurrent computing | 2002 | — |
| Claire | reflective programming, functional programming, class-based programming language, object-oriented programming | 1994 | — |
| Clean | purely functional programming, functional programming | 1987 | — |
| Clojure | concurrent computing, logic programming, agent-oriented programming, functional programming | 2007 | Richard Hickey |
| CLU | object-oriented programming, procedural programming | 1975 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Barbara Liskov |
| Cobra | functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, object-oriented programming | 2006 | — |
| COMAL | structured programming, procedural programming | 1975 | — |
| Common Lisp | generic programming, reflective programming, procedural programming, functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, metaprogramming, object-oriented programming | 1984 | Common Lisp committee, J13 |
| Component Pascal | imperative programming, structured programming, modular programming, object-oriented programming | 1997 | — |
| Concurrent Euclid | functional programming, structured programming, imperative programming | 1980 | Ric Holt, James Cordy |
| Cool | object-oriented programming | 1996 | — |
| Coral 66 | procedural programming, structured programming, imperative programming | 1964 | — |
| Curl | reflective programming, functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, declarative programming, object-oriented programming | 1998 | SCSK Corporation, Steve Ward |
| Curry | constraint programming, logic programming, functional programming | 1995 | Kiel University |
| Cyclone | — | 2002 | AT&T |
| Cω | multi-paradigm programming | 2005 | Microsoft Research |