| D | functional programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming | 2001 | Walter Bright, D Language Foundation |
| Dart | object-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, imperative programming, functional programming, reflective programming | 2011 | Google |
| Darwin | imperative programming, structured programming, object-oriented programming | 1991 | — |
| Delphi | object-oriented programming | 1995 | Anders Hejlsberg |
| Design By Numbers | object-oriented programming | 1999 | John Maeda |
| Draco | imperative programming, procedural programming, structured programming | — | — |
| Dylan | object-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, functional programming | 1992 | Apple Inc., Carnegie Mellon University |
| E | object-oriented programming | 1997 | — |
| Ease | concurrent computing, parallel programming | 1991 | — |
| Edinburgh IMP | procedural programming, structured programming, imperative programming | 1966 | — |
| Elixir | concurrent computing, functional programming, process-oriented programming | 2011 | José Valim |
| Elm | functional reactive programming, reactive programming, functional programming, purely functional programming | 2012 | — |
| Emacs Lisp | metaprogramming, reflective programming, functional programming | 1985 | GNU Project |
| Emerald | object-oriented programming | — | — |
| Epigram | functional programming | 2004 | — |
| Erlang | concurrent computing, functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, declarative programming | 1986 | Robert Virding, Joe Armstrong, Ericsson |
| Euclid | procedural programming, functional programming, structured programming, imperative programming | 1977 | Ric Holt |
| EuLisp | multi-paradigm programming | 1990 | — |
| Executive Systems Problem Oriented Language | procedural programming, structured programming, imperative programming | 1966 | Burroughs Corporation |
| Ezhil | imperative programming, procedural programming, structured programming | 2007 | — |
| F# | object-oriented programming, metaprogramming, imperative programming, functional programming, concurrent computing, reflective programming | 2005 | F Sharp Software Foundation, Microsoft |
| F* | functional programming, imperative programming | — | Microsoft Research, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique |
| Factor | functional programming, stack-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, concatenative programming | 2003 | Slava Pestov |
| Fjölnir | object-oriented programming, procedural programming | — | — |
| Flix | imperative programming, logic programming, functional programming | 2016 | — |
| Fortran | procedural programming, generic programming, object-oriented programming, array programming, imperative programming, structured programming | 1957 | IBM, John Backus |
| Franz Lisp | metaprogramming, reflective programming, procedural programming, functional programming | 1980 | — |
| FreeBASIC | procedural programming, object-oriented programming | 2004 | — |
| Futhark | purely functional programming, array programming | 2014 | — |
| Gambit | — | — | — |
| Game Oriented Assembly Lisp | object-oriented programming, imperative programming | 2001 | Andy Gavin, Jak and Daxter |
| Genie | object-oriented programming, structured programming, imperative programming | 2008 | — |
| GNU E | object-oriented programming | 1991 | — |
| Go | structured programming, procedural programming, functional programming, concurrent computing, object-oriented programming, imperative programming | 2009 | Google, The Go Authors, Rob Pike, Robert Griesemer, Ken Thompson |
| Go! | imperative programming, functional programming, logic programming, concurrent computing | 2003 | Frank G. McCabe, Keith Clark |
| Gödel | declarative programming, logic programming | 1992 | — |
| Harbour | imperative programming, multi-paradigm programming, declarative programming, object-oriented programming, procedural programming, functional programming, reflective programming | 1999 | — |
| Haskell | functional programming, purely functional programming, non-strict programming | 1990 | Paul Hudak, Philip Wadler, Erik Meijer, John Hughes, Lennart Augustsson, Simon Peyton Jones |
| Hop | multi-paradigm programming, functional programming, multitier programming | 2006 | — |
| Io | object-oriented programming, prototype-based programming | 2002 | Steve Dekorte |
| Jai | procedural programming | — | — |
| Java | object-oriented programming, generic programming, component-based software engineering, concurrent object-oriented programming, class-based programming, imperative programming, structured programming, functional programming, reflective programming | 1995 | Sun Microsystems, Oracle Corporation, James Gosling |
| JOVIAL | imperative programming, structured programming, procedural programming | 1960 | — |
| Joy | purely functional programming, concatenative programming, stack-oriented programming | 2001 | — |
| JSONiq | declarative programming | — | — |
| Judoscript | object-oriented programming | 2001 | — |
| Julia | multi-paradigm programming, imperative programming, parallel computing, functional programming, multiple dispatch, procedural programming, object-oriented programming, array programming, metaprogramming | 2009 | Viral B. Shah, Stefan Karpinski, Alan Edelman, Jeff Bezanson |
| K | array programming, functional programming | 1993 | — |