| P | — | 2012 | — |
| P# | — | 2003 | — |
| P* | — | 2013 | — |
| P4 | imperative programming | 2013 | — |
| PACT | — | 1955 | IBM |
| Pan | declarative programming | — | — |
| Paradox | — | 1985 | Corel |
| ParaSail | concurrent computing, parallel computing, object-oriented programming, procedural programming, structured programming | 2009 | — |
| PARI/GP | — | 1985 | Henri Cohen |
| Parser | procedural programming | 1997 | — |
| Pascal | imperative programming, structured programming | 1970 | Niklaus Wirth |
| Pascal Script | object-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, imperative programming, procedural programming | 2000 | RemObjects Software |
| PascalABC.NET | object-oriented programming | 2007 | — |
| Pawn | — | 1999 | — |
| Pbrain | — | — | — |
| PCASTL | imperative programming, reflective programming, procedural programming | 2008 | — |
| PEARL | procedural programming | 1977 | — |
| Pencil Code | — | — | — |
| PeopleCode | multi-paradigm programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming | — | Oracle Corporation |
| Perl | multi-paradigm programming | 1987 | The Perl Foundation, Larry Wall |
| Perl Data Language | functional programming, imperative programming, array programming | 1996 | Karl Glazebrook |
| Petr | — | — | Gemtree |
| Pforth | — | — | — |
| Pharo | reflective programming, object-oriented programming | 2008 | — |
| Phoenix Object Basic | object-oriented programming, component-based software engineering, imperative programming | — | — |
| PHP | imperative programming, functional programming, procedural programming, reflective programming, object-oriented programming | 1995 | Rasmus Lerdorf, Zeev Suraski, Andi Gutmans, Perforce Zend, PHP Group |
| Php4delphi | — | — | — |
| Phrogram | — | — | — |
| Pic Micro Pascal | procedural programming | — | — |
| Pico | procedural programming, reflective programming | 1997 | Vrije Universiteit Brussel |
| PicoLisp | metaprogramming, declarative programming, functional programming, procedural programming, reflective programming, object-oriented programming | 1988 | Alexander Burger |
| Pict | concurrent computing, functional programming | — | — |
| Piet | esoteric programming | 1993 | David Morgan-Mar |
| Pike | procedural programming, object-oriented programming, functional programming | 1994 | — |
| PILOT | imperative programming | 1968 | — |
| Pipeline Pilot | — | — | BIOVIA |
| Pixie | functional programming | 2015 | — |
| Pixilang | — | 2006 | — |
| Pizza | generic programming | 1996 | — |
| Pkl | — | 2024 | Apple Inc. |
| PL-11 | procedural programming | 1971 | — |
| PL/0 | structured programming, procedural programming | 1975 | — |
| PL/8 | — | — | IBM |
| PL/C | procedural programming, imperative programming, structured programming | 1973 | Cornell University |
| PL/I | structured programming, procedural programming, concurrent computing, imperative programming | 1964 | IBM |
| PL/Java | procedural programming | — | — |
| PL/Lua | procedural programming | — | — |
| PL/M | procedural programming, structured programming | 1973 | Gary Kildall |
| PL/Perl | procedural programming | — | — |
| PL/pgSQL | procedural programming | 1998 | — |
| PL/Python | procedural programming | — | — |
| PL/R | procedural programming | — | — |
| PL/Scheme | procedural programming | — | — |
| PL/SQL | procedural programming | 1992 | — |
| PL/Tcl | procedural programming | — | — |
| PL/X | — | — | IBM |
| PL360 | procedural programming, structured programming, imperative programming | 1966 | — |
| PLANC | procedural programming | — | — |
| Plankalkül | procedural programming | 1942 | Konrad Zuse |
| Planner | procedural programming, logic programming | 1969 | — |
| PLASMA | — | 2012 | — |
| PLEX | procedural programming, imperative programming, concurrent computing | — | Göran Hemdahl, Ericsson |
| PLEXIL | multi-paradigm programming | 2005 | — |
| Pliant | procedural programming, imperative programming | 1999 | — |
| Plugdata | — | — | — |
| Plus | procedural programming, structured programming, imperative programming | 1976 | University of British Columbia |
| Pnuts | object-oriented programming | 1997 | — |
| Polymorphic Programming Language | procedural programming | 1969 | — |
| Polyphonic C# | multi-paradigm programming | 2002 | Microsoft Research |
| Pony | object-oriented programming | — | — |
| POP-11 | reflective programming, procedural programming, declarative programming | — | — |
| POP-2 | functional programming | 1970 | — |
| Portable Standard Lisp | — | — | — |
| PostScript | stack-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, concatenative programming, procedural programming | 1982 | Adobe |
| Potion | — | — | — |
| PottersWheel | — | — | — |
| Power Fx | declarative programming, functional programming, imperative programming | — | — |
| PowerBASIC | — | 1989 | — |
| PowerHouse | — | 1982 | — |
| Powerscript | object-oriented programming | 1992 | PowerSoft Corp. |
| PowerShell | reflective programming, procedural programming, functional programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming | 2006 | Microsoft |
| PQL | declarative programming | 2014 | — |
| Praspel | design by contract | — | — |
| PRINT | — | 1955 | — |
| Printer Job Language | — | — | Hewlett-Packard |
| Prismio | — | — | Saksham Jaiswal |
| Pro-Dos BASIC | — | — | — |
| Processing | object-oriented programming | 2001 | Processing Foundation |
| Processing.js | — | 2008 | John Resig |
| Production Rule Representation | — | 2007 | — |
| Profile Scripting Language | object-oriented programming, procedural programming | 1998 | — |
| PROGOL | — | — | Stephen Muggleton |
| Programming Computable Functions | functional programming | 1977 | — |
| Programming Language for Business | procedural programming, imperative programming | 1972 | — |
| Programming Language for Distributed Systems | — | — | IBM |
| Programming with Big Data in R | SPMD | — | — |
| Prograph | dataflow programming, multi-paradigm programming, visual programming language, object-oriented programming | 1983 | — |
| Project Verona | — | 2019 | — |
| Prolog | logic programming, declarative programming | 1972 | — |
| PROMAL | imperative programming, structured programming, procedural programming | 1984 | — |
| PROSA | — | 1981 | — |
| PROSE | — | 1974 | — |
| Protel | procedural programming | — | — |
| ProvideX | object-oriented programming, procedural programming | 1992 | Sage Group |
| Ptolemy Project | — | — | University of California, Berkeley |
| Publicodes | — | 2017 | Central Agency of Social Security Organisations |
| Pure | declarative programming, functional programming | 2008 | — |
| Pure Data | dataflow programming | 1996 | Miller Puckette |
| PureBasic | structured programming | 1998 | — |
| PureScript | purely functional programming, functional programming | 2013 | — |
| PWCT | multi-paradigm programming | — | Mahmoud Samir Fayed |
| Pxem | — | 2008 | — |
| Py | — | — | — |
| Pyomo | — | — | — |
| Pyret | — | 2014 | — |
| Pyrex | — | — | — |
| PyScript | — | — | Anaconda, Inc. |
| Pythagoras | — | 1995 | — |
| Python | imperative programming, multi-paradigm programming, object-oriented programming, dynamic programming, functional programming | 1991 | Python Software Foundation, Guido van Rossum |
| Python 3 | — | — | — |
| Python for S60 | object-oriented programming | — | Python Software Foundation |
| PyUnit | — | 2001 | — |
| P′′ | structured programming, imperative programming | 1964 | — |