| Apache Groovy | object-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, imperative programming, functional programming | 2003 | Java Community Process, Apache Software Foundation |
| Boo | object-oriented programming | 2003 | Rodrigo B. De Oliveira |
| Chaos | — | — | — |
| ChinesePython | — | 2002 | — |
| Cobra | functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, object-oriented programming | 2006 | — |
| CoffeeScript | prototype-based programming, imperative programming, functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, aspect-oriented programming | 2009 | Jeremy Ashkenas |
| Converge | object-oriented programming | — | — |
| Croc | — | 2006 | — |
| Crystal | object-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, concurrent computing | 2014 | Ary Borenzweig, Manas Technology Solutions |
| Cython | — | 2007 | — |
| D | functional programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming | 2001 | Walter Bright, D Language Foundation |
| Dragon | dynamic programming, object-oriented programming, imperative programming, procedural programming | 2018 | — |
| F# | object-oriented programming, metaprogramming, imperative programming, functional programming, concurrent computing, reflective programming | 2005 | F Sharp Software Foundation, Microsoft |
| Genie | object-oriented programming, structured programming, imperative programming | 2008 | — |
| Hy | object-oriented programming, metaprogramming, imperative programming, procedural programming, generic programming | 2013 | — |
| Io | object-oriented programming, prototype-based programming | 2002 | Steve Dekorte |
| JavaScript | generic programming, aspect-oriented programming, imperative programming, functional programming, prototype-based programming, event-driven programming | 1995 | — |
| Kotlin | concurrent computing, functional programming, structured programming, imperative programming, declarative programming, object-oriented programming, generic programming, reflective programming | 2011 | JetBrains |
| Mojo | imperative programming, generic programming, functional programming | 2023 | Modular |
| Nim | metaprogramming, concurrent computing, procedural programming, functional programming, imperative programming, macro metaprogramming, object-oriented programming | 2008 | — |
| PascalABC.NET | object-oriented programming | 2007 | — |
| PowerShell | reflective programming, procedural programming, functional programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming | 2006 | Microsoft |
| Pyret | — | 2014 | — |
| PyScript | — | — | Anaconda, Inc. |
| Raku | object-oriented programming, imperative programming, functional programming | 2015 | Audrey Tang, Larry Wall |
| Ring | object-oriented programming, procedural programming, functional programming, imperative programming, declarative programming | 2016 | Mahmoud Samir Fayed |
| Ruby | reflective programming, functional programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming | 1995 | Yukihiro Matsumoto |
| Squirrel | object-oriented programming, class-based programming, imperative programming, procedural programming | 2003 | — |
| Suneido | — | 2000 | — |
| Swift | object-oriented programming, functional programming, declarative programming, multi-paradigm programming, block-structured programming, imperative programming | 2014 | Chris Lattner, Apple Inc. |
| V | structured programming, functional programming, imperative programming | 2019 | — |
| Whiley | imperative programming, functional programming | 2010 | — |