| Atom | functional programming, declarative programming | 2007 | — |
| Bloom | — | — | — |
| C Intermediate Language | — | — | — |
| C shell | — | 1978 | Bill Joy |
| Chibi Scheme | — | — | Alex Shinn |
| CHICKEN | — | 2000 | — |
| Cryptol | — | — | Galois, Inc. |
| Curry | constraint programming, logic programming, functional programming | 1995 | Kiel University |
| Dhall | — | — | — |
| Eta | — | — | — |
| Flapjax | functional reactive programming | — | — |
| Gauche | — | — | — |
| Hot Soup Processor | — | 1996 | — |
| Io | object-oriented programming, prototype-based programming | 2002 | Steve Dekorte |
| Nemerle | metaprogramming, object-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, imperative programming, procedural programming, functional programming | 2003 | JetBrains, University of Wrocław |
| Open Shading Language | — | — | Sony Pictures Imageworks, Larry Israel Gritz |
| PHP | imperative programming, functional programming, procedural programming, reflective programming, object-oriented programming | 1995 | Rasmus Lerdorf, Zeev Suraski, Andi Gutmans, Perforce Zend, PHP Group |
| PL/Java | procedural programming | — | — |
| PureScript | purely functional programming, functional programming | 2013 | — |
| Red | imperative programming, functional programming, multi-paradigm programming | 2011 | Nenad Rakocevic |
| Scratch | event-driven programming, visual programming language | 2003 | MIT Media Lab |
| Shen | — | 2011 | — |
| Snowball | — | — | Martin Porter |