| Ada | structured programming, object-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, imperative programming | 1980 | Jean Ichbiah, S. Tucker Taft |
| AgentSheets | object-oriented programming | 1991 | — |
| Agora | object-oriented programming, reflective programming, prototype-based programming | — | Wolfgang De Meuter |
| Apache Groovy | object-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, imperative programming, functional programming | 2003 | Java Community Process, Apache Software Foundation |
| Ceylon | functional programming, imperative programming, multi-paradigm programming, object-oriented programming | 2011 | Gavin King, Red Hat |
| Citrine | procedural programming, object-oriented programming | 2014 | — |
| Claire | reflective programming, functional programming, class-based programming language, object-oriented programming | 1994 | — |
| Dart | object-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, imperative programming, functional programming, reflective programming | 2011 | Google |
| Emerald | object-oriented programming | — | — |
| Erlang | concurrent computing, functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, declarative programming | 1986 | Robert Virding, Joe Armstrong, Ericsson |
| F-Script | array programming, object-oriented programming | 2009 | — |
| Falcon | object-oriented programming, procedural programming | 2003 | — |
| Go | structured programming, procedural programming, functional programming, concurrent computing, object-oriented programming, imperative programming | 2009 | Google, The Go Authors, Rob Pike, Robert Griesemer, Ken Thompson |
| Io | object-oriented programming, prototype-based programming | 2002 | Steve Dekorte |
| Java | object-oriented programming, generic programming, component-based software engineering, concurrent object-oriented programming, class-based programming, imperative programming, structured programming, functional programming, reflective programming | 1995 | Sun Microsystems, Oracle Corporation, James Gosling |
| Lasso | structured programming, procedural programming, object-oriented programming, concurrent computing | 1995 | — |
| Magik | object-oriented programming | 1989 | — |
| Oaklisp | object-oriented programming | 1986 | — |
| Object Pascal | generic programming, procedural programming, structured programming, imperative programming, multi-paradigm programming, object-oriented programming | 1986 | Larry Tesler, Niklaus Wirth, Apple Inc., Borland |
| Object REXX | object-oriented programming | 1988 | IBM |
| Objective-C | object-oriented programming, class-based programming, multi-paradigm programming, reflective programming | 1984 | — |
| Pharo | reflective programming, object-oriented programming | 2008 | — |
| Raku | object-oriented programming, imperative programming, functional programming | 2015 | Audrey Tang, Larry Wall |
| Ruby | reflective programming, functional programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming | 1995 | Yukihiro Matsumoto |
| Scala | concurrent computing, functional programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming | 2004 | École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Martin Odersky |
| Self | prototype-based programming, object-oriented programming | 1987 | Sun Microsystems, Randall Smith, Stanford University, David Ungar |
| Snap! | event-driven programming, object-oriented programming | 2011 | — |
| Snap4Arduino | — | 2013 | — |
| Squeak | object-oriented programming | 1996 | Apple Inc. |
| Strongtalk | object-oriented programming | 2002 | — |
| Swift | object-oriented programming, functional programming, declarative programming, multi-paradigm programming, block-structured programming, imperative programming | 2014 | Chris Lattner, Apple Inc. |
| Wolfram Language | functional programming, imperative programming, multi-paradigm programming, array programming, declarative programming, object-oriented programming | 1988 | Stephen Wolfram, Wolfram Research |
| Xtend | functional programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming | 2011 | TypeFox GmbH |