| AgentSheets | object-oriented programming | 1991 | — |
| Ceylon | functional programming, imperative programming, multi-paradigm programming, object-oriented programming | 2011 | Gavin King, Red Hat |
| Claire | reflective programming, functional programming, class-based programming language, object-oriented programming | 1994 | — |
| CLIPS | object-oriented programming | 1985 | Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center |
| Clojure | concurrent computing, logic programming, agent-oriented programming, functional programming | 2007 | Richard Hickey |
| CLU | object-oriented programming, procedural programming | 1975 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Barbara Liskov |
| Common Lisp | generic programming, reflective programming, procedural programming, functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, metaprogramming, object-oriented programming | 1984 | Common Lisp committee, J13 |
| COWSEL | — | 1964 | Rod Burstall, Robin Popplestone |
| Curl | reflective programming, functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, declarative programming, object-oriented programming | 1998 | SCSK Corporation, Steve Ward |
| Dylan | object-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, functional programming | 1992 | Apple Inc., Carnegie Mellon University |
| Erlang | concurrent computing, functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, declarative programming | 1986 | Robert Virding, Joe Armstrong, Ericsson |
| Extempore | functional programming | — | — |
| Factor | functional programming, stack-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, concatenative programming | 2003 | Slava Pestov |
| Forth | reflective programming, procedural programming, concatenative programming, stack-oriented programming | 1970 | Charles H. Moore |
| Haskell | functional programming, purely functional programming, non-strict programming | 1990 | Paul Hudak, Philip Wadler, Erik Meijer, John Hughes, Lennart Augustsson, Simon Peyton Jones |
| Hy | object-oriented programming, metaprogramming, imperative programming, procedural programming, generic programming | 2013 | — |
| Impromptu | functional programming | 2005 | — |
| Io | object-oriented programming, prototype-based programming | 2002 | Steve Dekorte |
| Little b | object-oriented programming, functional programming | 2004 | Harvard Medical School |
| Logo | functional programming, procedural programming, reflective programming | 1967 | Cynthia Solomon, Idit Harel Caperton, Seymour Papert |
| MLisp | — | — | — |
| Mocklisp | — | — | — |
| Nial | array programming | 1981 | — |
| Nim | metaprogramming, concurrent computing, procedural programming, functional programming, imperative programming, macro metaprogramming, object-oriented programming | 2008 | — |
| Nyquist | — | 2009 | Roger B. Dannenberg |
| Oz | object-oriented programming, constraint programming, concurrent computing, prototype-based programming, imperative programming, functional programming, multi-paradigm programming | 1991 | — |
| Perl | multi-paradigm programming | 1987 | The Perl Foundation, Larry Wall |
| Pixie | functional programming | 2015 | — |
| Pliant | procedural programming, imperative programming | 1999 | — |
| PostScript | stack-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, concatenative programming, procedural programming | 1982 | Adobe |
| Pure | declarative programming, functional programming | 2008 | — |
| Qalb | functional programming | 2012 | Eyebeam Art and Technology Center |
| REBOL | functional programming, prototype-based programming, imperative programming, language-oriented programming | 1997 | — |
| Ruby | reflective programming, functional programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming | 1995 | Yukihiro Matsumoto |
| Scheme | functional programming, procedural programming, imperative programming, metaprogramming | 1975 | — |
| Smalltalk | object-oriented programming, class-based programming | 1972 | Alan Kay, Dan Ingalls, Adele Goldberg, Diana Merry |
| Squeak | object-oriented programming | 1996 | Apple Inc. |
| Tcl | multi-paradigm programming, procedural programming, event-driven programming, functional programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming | 1988 | John Ousterhout |
| UCBLogo | — | — | George Mills, Michael Katz |
| Wolfram Language | functional programming, imperative programming, multi-paradigm programming, array programming, declarative programming, object-oriented programming | 1988 | Stephen Wolfram, Wolfram Research |