| 3DMLW | — | — | — |
| 4th Dimension | procedural programming | 1984 | 4D SAS |
| AppleScript | natural-language programming | 1993 | Apple Inc. |
| B4X | — | — | — |
| Ballerina | concurrent computing | 2017 | WSO2 |
| Beef | object-oriented programming | — | — |
| Chapel | object-oriented programming, array programming, parallel computing | 2009 | Brad Chamberlain, Cray |
| Charm++ | — | — | Sam White, Eric J. Bohm, Evan Ramos, Kavitha Chandrasekar |
| Crystal | object-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, concurrent computing | 2014 | Ary Borenzweig, Manas Technology Solutions |
| Cuneiform | functional programming | 2013 | Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin |
| Curl | reflective programming, functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, declarative programming, object-oriented programming | 1998 | SCSK Corporation, Steve Ward |
| Cython | — | 2007 | — |
| Delphi | object-oriented programming | 1995 | Anders Hejlsberg |
| F-Script | array programming, object-oriented programming | 2009 | — |
| GAP | — | 1986 | — |
| Gauche | — | — | — |
| Gforth | — | 1992 | GNU Project |
| GNU Awk | — | 1986 | GNU Project |
| GNU Guile | — | 1993 | GNU Project |
| GNU Prolog | constraint logic programming | 1996 | GNU Project |
| GnuCOBOL | — | 2002 | GNU Project |
| Go | structured programming, procedural programming, functional programming, concurrent computing, object-oriented programming, imperative programming | 2009 | Google, The Go Authors, Rob Pike, Robert Griesemer, Ken Thompson |
| GraalVM | — | — | Oracle Corporation |
| JavaScript for Automation | — | — | Apple Inc. |
| Julia | multi-paradigm programming, imperative programming, parallel computing, functional programming, multiple dispatch, procedural programming, object-oriented programming, array programming, metaprogramming | 2009 | Viral B. Shah, Stefan Karpinski, Alan Edelman, Jeff Bezanson |
| Julia | — | — | — |
| KuMir | — | — | Scientific Research Institute of System Development |
| LiveCode | object-oriented programming | 2001 | LiveCode |
| Maple | object-oriented programming, functional programming, procedural programming | 1982 | Waterloo Maple |
| Mathematica | functional programming, array programming | 1988 | Wolfram Research |
| MATLAB | — | 1984 | MathWorks, Cleve Moler |
| Max (programming language) | declarative programming, visual programming language | — | Cycling '74 |
| Metamath | — | — | — |
| MiniZinc | constraint programming | 2009 | Monash University |
| MIT/GNU Scheme | — | — | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| Mondrian | — | 1997 | — |
| NekoVM | object-oriented programming, structured programming, prototype-based programming | 2005 | Shiro Games, Motion Twin |
| NetLogo | procedural programming, agent-oriented programming | 1999 | — |
| Nu | procedural programming, functional programming, structured programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming | 2007 | — |
| Nushell | — | 2019 | — |
| OpenCL | object-oriented programming, imperative programming, structured programming, generic programming | 2009 | Khronos Group |
| OpenJDK | — | 2007 | OpenJDK Community, Oracle Corporation, Sun Microsystems |
| Perl | multi-paradigm programming | 1987 | The Perl Foundation, Larry Wall |
| Pharo | reflective programming, object-oriented programming | 2008 | — |
| PowerShell | reflective programming, procedural programming, functional programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming | 2006 | Microsoft |
| Processing | object-oriented programming | 2001 | Processing Foundation |
| Pure Data | dataflow programming | 1996 | Miller Puckette |
| PureBasic | structured programming | 1998 | — |
| R | reflective programming, object-oriented programming, array programming, imperative programming, functional programming, procedural programming | 1993 | — |
| RascalMPL | data conversion | — | — |
| Ren'Py | — | 2004 | — |
| Ring | object-oriented programming, procedural programming, functional programming, imperative programming, declarative programming | 2016 | Mahmoud Samir Fayed |
| Root | — | 1995 | CERN |
| Ruby | reflective programming, functional programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming | 1995 | Yukihiro Matsumoto |
| Scilab | array programming | — | Dassault Systèmes |
| Scratch | event-driven programming, visual programming language | 2003 | MIT Media Lab |
| Sense | object-oriented programming | — | The Open University |
| SequenceL | parallel computing, purely functional programming, array programming, declarative programming | 1989 | — |
| Simulink | — | — | MathWorks |
| Stencyl | — | 2011 | Jonathan Chung |