| /// | esoteric programming | — |
| AmbientTalk | reflective programming, concurrent computing, prototype-based programming, object-oriented programming, event-driven programming | — |
| ATS | declarative programming, functional programming | Boston University |
| Cat | — | — |
| Cobra | functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, object-oriented programming | — |
| Croc | — | — |
| Fortress | — | — |
| Hop | multi-paradigm programming, functional programming, multitier programming | — |
| Links | — | Philip Wadler |
| Newspeak | object-oriented programming, functional programming | Gilad Bracha |
| Not eXactly C | — | — |
| Occam-π | procedural programming, imperative programming, concurrent computing | — |
| OptimJ | object-oriented programming | — |
| Pixilang | — | — |
| PowerShell | reflective programming, procedural programming, functional programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming | Microsoft |
| Rust | generic programming, concurrent computing, procedural programming, functional programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming | Mozilla, Rust Foundation, Graydon Hoare |
| Sass | — | — |
| Treetop | — | — |
| Vala | imperative programming, object-oriented programming, structured programming | Jürg Billeter |