| ELAN | — | Technische Universität Berlin |
| GRASS | procedural programming | — |
| MAI Basic Four | — | — |
| PROSE | — | — |
| Sed | data-driven programming | Lee E. McMahon |
| SP/k | structured programming, imperative programming | Ric Holt, James Cordy |
| SQL | declarative programming | International Organization for Standardization, Donald D. Chamberlin, Raymond F. Boyce |