| Pharo | reflective programming, object-oriented programming | 2008 | — |
| PicoLisp | metaprogramming, declarative programming, functional programming, procedural programming, reflective programming, object-oriented programming | 1988 | Alexander Burger |
| Pixilang | — | 2006 | — |
| PL/Lua | procedural programming | — | — |
| Power Fx | declarative programming, functional programming, imperative programming | — | — |
| PowerShell | reflective programming, procedural programming, functional programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming | 2006 | Microsoft |
| Processing.js | — | 2008 | John Resig |
| Project Verona | — | 2019 | — |
| Publicodes | — | 2017 | Central Agency of Social Security Organisations |
| Q# | imperative programming, quantum programming, functional programming | 2017 | Microsoft Quantum Architectures and Computation group, Microsoft |
| Qalb | functional programming | 2012 | Eyebeam Art and Technology Center |
| Qore | object-oriented programming, procedural programming | — | David Nichols |
| Reason | functional programming | 2016 | Meta Platforms |
| Reia | — | — | — |
| Ren'Py | — | 2004 | — |
| ReScript | functional programming | 2015 | Bloomberg L.P. |
| Ring | object-oriented programming, procedural programming, functional programming, imperative programming, declarative programming | 2016 | Mahmoud Samir Fayed |
| Rockstar | — | 2018 | — |
| Roy | — | — | — |
| Rust | generic programming, concurrent computing, procedural programming, functional programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming | 2006 | Mozilla, Rust Foundation, Graydon Hoare |
| Sass | — | 2006 | — |
| Spectator | — | — | — |
| Squeak | object-oriented programming | 1996 | Apple Inc. |
| Squirrel | object-oriented programming, class-based programming, imperative programming, procedural programming | 2003 | — |
| Stylus | — | 2011 | — |
| Svelte | — | 2016 | Alan Faubert, Rich Harris, Simon Holthausen, Dominic Gannaway, Tan Li Hau, Ben McCann, Paolo Ricciuti |
| TLA+ | action language | 1999 | — |
| Treetop | — | 2006 | — |
| TTM | — | 1968 | — |
| Uiua | array programming, stack-oriented programming, tacit programming | — | — |
| Umple | object-oriented programming | 2008 | — |
| UrduScript | — | — | — |
| V | structured programming, functional programming, imperative programming | 2019 | — |
| Vedic Programming Language | — | — | — |
| Verus | — | — | — |
| Wenyan‑lang | — | 2019 | — |
| Wren | class-based programming | — | — |
| Zen Script | — | — | — |
| ZhPy | multi-paradigm programming | 2007 | — |
| Zig | imperative programming, functional programming, procedural programming, concurrent computing, generic programming | 2015 | Andrew Kelley |