| Alpaca | functional programming | — | — |
| Apache Ant | — | 2000 | Apache Software Foundation |
| Apache Groovy | object-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, imperative programming, functional programming | 2003 | Java Community Process, Apache Software Foundation |
| April APL | — | — | — |
| AssemblyScript | — | — | — |
| Austral | systems programming | — | — |
| Ballerina | concurrent computing | 2017 | WSO2 |
| Blockly | — | 2012 | Beka Westberg, Rachel Fenichel, Ellen Spertus |
| BPEL script | — | — | — |
| Cangjie | — | — | Huawei |
| Carbon | — | 2020 | Google |
| Ceylon | functional programming, imperative programming, multi-paradigm programming, object-oriented programming | 2011 | Gavin King, Red Hat |
| Chapel | object-oriented programming, array programming, parallel computing | 2009 | Brad Chamberlain, Cray |
| Chez Scheme | — | 1985 | Cadence Research Systems, Cisco |
| Cirq | — | — | — |
| Common Workflow Language | — | 2014 | — |
| Crystal | object-oriented programming, multi-paradigm programming, concurrent computing | 2014 | Ary Borenzweig, Manas Technology Solutions |
| Cython | — | 2007 | — |
| Dark | — | — | — |
| Elixir | concurrent computing, functional programming, process-oriented programming | 2011 | José Valim |
| Erlang | concurrent computing, functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, declarative programming | 1986 | Robert Virding, Joe Armstrong, Ericsson |
| F* | functional programming, imperative programming | — | Microsoft Research, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique |
| Gambit | — | — | — |
| Gleam | concurrent computing, functional programming, multi-paradigm programming | 2016 | — |
| Gosu | object-oriented programming | 2002 | — |
| Gremlin | — | 2009 | — |
| Hale | concurrent computing, structured programming, imperative programming, actor model | 2026 | — |
| Kalimat | — | — | — |
| Kotlin | concurrent computing, functional programming, structured programming, imperative programming, declarative programming, object-oriented programming, generic programming, reflective programming | 2011 | JetBrains |
| Lean | functional programming | 2013 | Microsoft Research, Leonardo de Moura |
| Logica | — | — | — |
| Motoko | — | — | Andreas Rossberg, Dfinity |
| Move | — | 2019 | — |
| NCAR Command Language | — | — | National Center for Atmospheric Research |
| OpenMx | structural equation modeling | 2010 | — |
| OpenQASM | — | — | IBM Research |
| Pan | declarative programming | — | — |
| Pkl | — | 2024 | Apple Inc. |
| Prismio | — | — | Saksham Jaiswal |
| Pyret | — | 2014 | — |
| PyScript | — | — | Anaconda, Inc. |
| REBOL | functional programming, prototype-based programming, imperative programming, language-oriented programming | 1997 | — |
| Rust | generic programming, concurrent computing, procedural programming, functional programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming | 2006 | Mozilla, Rust Foundation, Graydon Hoare |
| Scala | concurrent computing, functional programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming | 2004 | École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Martin Odersky |
| Starlark | procedural programming | — | — |
| SurgeScript | — | 2018 | — |
| Swift | object-oriented programming, functional programming, declarative programming, multi-paradigm programming, block-structured programming, imperative programming | 2014 | Chris Lattner, Apple Inc. |
| Swift LispKit | — | — | — |